BioVector® Mycoplasma hominis ATCC 23114 菌株 / BioVector® Mycoplasma hominis ATCC 23114 Strain

通用定义 / General Definition:

BioVector® Mycoplasma hominis ATCC 23114（又称 PG21 菌株）是人型支原体的模式菌株。作为柔膜菌纲 (Mollicutes) 的一员，它不仅是自然界中已知最小的能独立生活的原核生物之一，而且天生缺乏细胞壁。该菌株最初从人体直肠拭子中分离，是人类泌尿生殖道的条件致病菌，常与细菌性阴道病 (BV)、盆腔炎 (PID) 以及产后/流产后发热相关。在代谢方面，ATCC 23114 具有一个显著特征：它依赖精氨酸 (Arginine) 的水解来获取能量（通过精氨酸脱亚胺酶途径），这与分解尿素的解脲支原体形成鲜明对比。

BioVector® Mycoplasma hominis ATCC 23114 (also known as strain PG21) is the type strain for Mycoplasma hominis. Belonging to the class Mollicutes, it is among the smallest known free-living prokaryotes and is characterized by its natural lack of a peptidoglycan cell wall. Originally isolated from a human rectal swab, it acts as an opportunistic pathogen in the human urogenital tract, strongly associated with bacterial vaginosis (BV), pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), and postpartum or post-abortum fevers.Metabolically, ATCC 23114 is distinguished by its reliance on the hydrolysis of arginine for energy production (via the arginine deiminase pathway), standing in contrast to urea-splitting organisms like Ureaplasma.

BioVector® ATCC 23114 技术说明书 (Technical Datasheet)

中文版说明书 (Chinese Datasheet)

1. 产品基本信息

• 产品名称： BioVector® 人型支原体 (Mycoplasma hominis) ATCC 23114

  
  

• 其他编号： PG21, NCTC 10111, DSM 25592

  
  

• 形态特征： 高度多形性（可呈球状、细丝状或烧瓶状），直径极小；由于无细胞壁，革兰氏染色无效。

• 全基因组参考： 该菌株是经过全基因组测序的模式标准株，基因组极度精简。

2. 培养条件

• 基础培养基： BioVector® 支原体肉汤/琼脂（如 ATCC Medium 1076b 或 SP4 培养基），必须添加精氨酸 (L-Arginine) 和动物血清（提供胆固醇以稳定其单层细胞膜）。

• 代谢指示： 培养基中常含有酚红。当精氨酸被代谢产生氨时，培养基 pH 升高，颜色由橘红/黄变深红色。

• 大气环境： 液体培养可好氧进行；固体平板建议在 5% $CO_2$ 环境下培养。

• 培养温度： 37 摄氏度。

  
  

3. 菌株应用

• 临床诊断质控： 作为 PCR 扩增、核酸探针及恒温扩增检测体系的阳性核酸提取标准品。

  
  

• 耐药性分析： 由于其天然缺乏细胞壁，对 $\beta$-内酰胺类抗生素绝对耐药；常用于测试四环素类、氟喹诺酮类药物的敏感性（注意：人型支原体通常对大环内酯类如红霉素天然耐药）。

• 蛋白组学研究： 研究极其精简基因组下的必需生命活动途径。

4. 注意事项

• 生长观察： 在液体培养基中，支原体的生长通常不会产生明显的“浑浊 (Turbidity)”，判断生长的主要依据是指示剂的颜色变化。

• 传代时机： 颜色一旦发生显著改变需立即传代或冻存，碱性代谢产物的积累会迅速杀死细胞。

English Datasheet

1. General Product Information

• Product Name: BioVector® Mycoplasma hominis ATCC 23114

  
  

• Alternative Designations: PG21, NCTC 10111, DSM 25592

  
  

• Morphology: Highly pleomorphic (spherical, filamentous, or flask-shaped) due to the absence of a rigid cell wall. Unresponsive to Gram staining.

• Genomic Standard: This is a fully sequenced type strain possessing a highly reduced, minimalist genome.

  
  

2. Culture Conditions

• Basal Media: BioVector® Mycoplasma Broth/Agar (e.g., ATCC Medium 1076b or SP4 medium), strictly supplemented with L-Arginine and animal serum (to provide cholesterol for membrane sterol biosynthesis).

• Growth Indicator: Phenol red is typically included. As arginine is catabolized into ammonia, the pH shifts upward, turning the medium from orange/yellow to a deep pink/red.

  
  

• Environment: Liquid cultures can be incubated aerobically; agar plates should be incubated at 37°C in a 5% $CO_2$ atmosphere.

  
  

3. Applications

• Molecular Diagnostics: Serves as the primary positive control and reference standard for assay development, qPCR, and Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) protocols targeting urogenital mycoplasmas.

  
  

• Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST): Naturally resistant to beta-lactams and typically resistant to macrolides (e.g., erythromycin). Used primarily to screen efficacies of tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones.

• Minimalist Biology: Utilized to study fundamental cellular processes driven by a minimal set of essential genes.

4. Key Usage Notes

• Visualizing Growth:Mycoplasma cultures typically do not produce macroscopic turbidity in broth. Growth must be monitored almost exclusively via the pH-driven color change.

• Viability Preservation: Harvest or subculture immediately upon observing the alkaline color shift, as the rapid accumulation of ammonia is highly autotoxic to the culture.

注意 / Note:Mycoplasma hominis 在琼脂平板上的菌落特征极其微小（通常 < 0.5 mm），需在低倍显微镜（如立体显微镜）下观察。虽然它可能呈现典型的“油煎蛋 (fried-egg)”形态，但 ATCC 23114 菌株在某些非最适培养基上可能仅表现为无明显晕圈的颗粒状致密菌落。

Colonies of Mycoplasma hominis on agar are microscopic (typically < 0.5 mm) and must be viewed under a stereomicroscope. While it can produce the classic "fried-egg" appearance, strain ATCC 23114 may simply form dense, granular colonies without a distinct peripheral halo depending on the precise medium composition.

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