BioVector® YK-M2 人急性单核细胞白血病细胞系 / BioVector® YK-M2 Human Acute Monoblastic Leukemia Cell Line

通用定义BioVector® YK-M2 是一种源自人类的永生化急性单核细胞白血病（Acute Monoblastic Leukemia, AMoL）悬浮增殖型细胞系。该细胞系于 1985 年由日本科研团队从一名 31 岁患有急性单核细胞白血病（FAB 分型为 M5 型）的男性患者外周血中成功分离并建立，保藏于德国微生物菌种和细胞培养物保藏中心（DSMZ），官方目录编号为 ACC 949。

在肿瘤病理学、恶性血液病转化医学以及细胞分化调控研究中，BioVector® YK-M2 是一株表型非常独特且极具科研价值的单核原细胞模型。该细胞系天然完整地保留了原发白血病细胞极其罕见的近三倍体（Near-Triploid）异常核型，被广泛用于解析人类造血干细胞发生恶性克隆转化时的染色体数量异变机制。此外，由于其具有明确的体外被诱导分化潜能，它是目前国际上用于筛选新型白血病靶向分化治疗药物、研究细胞因子受体活化以及研究巨噬细胞功能演变的核心体外平台。

BioVector® YK-M2 技术与细胞学特征

1. 细胞形态与核心分子遗传学标记

• 显微形态表型 属于典型的悬浮生长细胞。镜下主要表现为圆形或卵圆形的单细胞独立悬浮分布，偶有轻微的细胞自发聚集。细胞体积相对较大，细胞核质比较高，胞质内富含典型的原始单核细胞颗粒。

• 生物化学染色指标 表现出极强的细胞化学特征。其中约 52% 的细胞在过氧化物酶染色（Peroxidase Staining）中表现为强阳性；同时，其α-醋酸萘酯酯酶（α-Naphthyl Acetate Esterase）表现出极高的内源活性，且该酶的活性能够被氟化钠（NaF）完全抑制（这是将其归类为经典单核细胞谱系的标志性鉴定依据）。

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• 表面免疫表型分布 根据 DSMZ 权威流式细胞术（FACS）抗原谱测定结果：

  • 强阳性表达 CD4, CD13, CD15, CD33, cyCD68, 以及 HLA-DR 表现为强阳性。

  • 阴性表达 CD3, CD14, CD19, CD34, cyCD3, cyCD79a 均为阴性。

  • 特殊注意 该细胞天然表达高丰度的 Fc-γ 受体，具备吞噬致敏红细胞的初级潜在能力。

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• 核型特征（关键学术亮点） 细胞具有极其罕见的超二倍体至近三倍体核型，众数染色体数目（Modal Chromosome Number）为 68 条。并且其 17 号染色体短臂存在特异性的染色体结构缺失，基因型标记为 del(17)(p11)。

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2. 培养条件与操作指南

• 推荐基础培养基 优质的 BioVector® RPMI-1640 基础培养基（占比 80%）。

• 推荐血清体系 20% 高比例且经过热灭活处理的 BioVector® Fetal Bovine Serum 胎牛血清（对于维持高难度白血病细胞的早期增殖活力极其关键）。

• 培养环境参数 37 摄氏度，含有 5% 二氧化碳（CO2）的恒温恒湿培养箱。

• 倍增时间与接种密度雷区 细胞增殖速度相对平缓，细胞倍增时间通常在 50 到 60 小时 左右。

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  • 初始接种下限 传代接种时必须维持极高的起始细胞丰度，绝对不能稀释种植。建议初始接种密度不低于 $1.0\times 10^6\text{cells/mL}$。

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  • 维持与维持窗口 日常传代维持时，应控制细胞丰度在 $0.8\times 10^6$ 至 $1.5\times 10^6\text{cells/mL}$ 之间。当细胞整体丰度达到饱和值 $1.5\times 10^6\text{cells/mL}$ 时，按照 1:2 的紧密比例进行常规分瓶，大约每 2-3 天更换或补充一次新鲜的完全培养基。

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主要科研应用

1. 恶性造血系统肿瘤的诱导分化网络研究

• 维生素 D3 分化诱导模型 BioVector® YK-M2 是研究急性髓系白血病（AML）从不成熟阶段向成熟阶段逆转的核心沙盘。当使用 1a,25-二羟维生素 D3（Calcitriol）进行体外孵育时，该细胞会被强烈诱导转化为功能成熟的单核-巨噬细胞样细胞，并伴随释放超氧阴离子以及还原硝基四氮唑蓝（NBT）等成熟功能表型。

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2. 染色体非整倍体形成与恶性转化病理学

• 染色体失稳机制 鉴于该细胞系保留了原发病例最初的近三倍体多倍化状态，科研人员经常利用它作为细胞遗传学对照，来探索染色体复制检查点失控如何直接诱发原始祖细胞向恶性白血病克隆演进的过程。

技术指标简表

BioVector® YK-M2 Human Acute Monoblastic Leukemia Cell Line

General DefinitionBioVector® YK-M2 is an immortalized human suspension cell line derived from acute monoblastic leukemia (AMoL).It was originally established in 1985 by a Japanese research group from the peripheral blood of a 31-year-old male patient with acute monoblastic leukemia (FAB subtype M5) who had undergone prior chemotherapy and irradiation.Curated by the German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, its official repository catalog number is DSMZ ACC 949.

In tumor pathology, hematological translational medicine, and cell differentiation regulation, BioVector® YK-M2 serves as an exceptionally unique and valuable monoblastic cell model. The cell line faithfully preserves an extremely rare near-triploid abnormal karyotype from the primary leukemia cells, making it widely utilized to analyze chromosome numerical alteration mechanisms during malignant hematopoietic stem cell transformations. Furthermore, because of its well-defined capability to undergo directed differentiation in vitro, it stands as a premier evaluation platform for screening novel differentiation-inducing drugs, exploring cytokine receptor activation, and mapping macrophage function evolution.

BioVector® YK-M2 Technical & Cytological Specifications

1. Morphology and Core Molecular Genetic Markers

• Microscopic Appearance Classified as a suspension cell line.Under phase-contrast microscopy, it presents predominantly as round or oval single cells growing independently in suspension, with minimal tendency to aggregate. The cells possess a relatively large volume with a high nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio and a cytoplasm rich in monoblastic granules.

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• Cytochemical Profiles Demonstrates highly distinctive cytochemical staining signatures. Approximately 52% of the cell population registers as strongly positive for peroxidase staining.Moreover, they manifest highly elevated $\alpha$-naphthyl acetate esterase activity, which is completely inhibited by sodium fluoride (NaF), fulfilling the core diagnostic classification for the monocytic lineage.

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• Immunophenotypic Profiling (Surface Antigens) Exhibiting the following specific marker configurations based on validated DSMZ flow cytometry mapping:

  • Strong Positive Expressions Positive for CD4, CD13, CD15, CD33, cyCD68, and HLA-DR.

  • Negative Expressions Confirmed negative for CD3, CD14, CD19, CD34, cyCD3, and cyCD79a.

  • Special Trait Naturally expresses robust levels of Fc-γ receptors and retains the baseline capacity to phagocytose sensitized erythrocytes.

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• Karyotypic Features (Key Scientific Benchmark) Characterized by a highly unique near-triploid chromosomal architecture with a modal chromosome number of 68.Genetic mapping reveals a characteristic structural deletion on the short arm of chromosome 17, cataloged as del(17)(p11).

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2. Cultivation & Subculturing Guidelines

• Recommended Basal Media Formulated using premium BioVector® RPMI-1640 basal medium (80 percent).

• Serum Supplementation Augmented with 20 percent heat-inactivated BioVector® Fetal Bovine Serum. Maintaining a higher serum percentage is essential to sustain the baseline viability of this demanding leukemia line.

• Incubation Parameters 37 degrees Celsius in a humidified atmosphere charged with 5 percent Carbon Dioxide (CO2).

• Doubling Kinetics and Seeding Thresholds Proliferates at a moderate pace, exhibiting an average cell doubling time of approximately 50 to 60 hours.

  • Seeding Concentration Limit To preserve requisite autocrine and paracrine microenvironments, cells must be seeded at a high initial density of no less than $1.0\times 10^6\text{cells/mL}$. Dilute seeding will cause permanent growth arrest.

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  • Maintenance Routine Maintain the viable cell concentration strictly between $0.8\times 10^6$ and $1.5\times 10^6\text{cells/mL}$.Upon reaching its maximal carrying capacity of approximately $1.5\times 10^6\text{cells/mL}$, split the culture carefully at a tight 1:2 ratio every 2 to 3 days using fresh complete medium.

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Primary Research Applications

1. Differentiation Induction Networks in Acute Myeloid Leukemia

• Vitamin D3 Induction Model BioVector® YK-M2 serves as a prominent framework to evaluate the reversal of malignant monoblasts toward mature leukocytes. Exposure to 1a,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (Calcitriol) strongly drives these cells to differentiate into mature monocyte-macrophage-like cells, accompanied by superoxide anion release and positive nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) dye reduction.

2. Aneuploidy Formation and Malignant Transformation Pathogenesis

• Chromosomal Instability Mapping Because the line retains the polyploid clone configuration linked to the parent leukemia initiation phase, investigators utilize it as a cytogenetic blueprint to study how cell cycle checkpoint failures promote persistent numerical chromosomal shifts in hematopoietic malignancies.

Technical Data Summary

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