BioVector® RMS-YM 人胚胎性横纹肌肉瘤细胞系 / BioVector® RMS-YM Human Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma Cell Line

校正与命名说明 / Nomenclature Clarification: 在国际细胞保藏体系中，该细胞系的标准全称为 BioVector® RMS-YM，但在学术文献和日常实验交流中，科研人员经常将其直接简称为 YM 细胞（YM Cell）。该细胞株最早由日本研究团队建立并收录于日本理化研究所（RIKEN BRC，编号 RCB1695），随后被德国微生物菌种和细胞培养物保藏中心（DSMZ）等全球核心保藏中心引入并建立标准品，官方数据库统一检索号为 Cellosaurus CVCL_A792。本技术档案严格基于该细胞系的官方鉴定数据进行双语编制。

通用定义

BioVector® RMS-YM 是一种源自人类的永生化胚胎性横纹肌肉瘤（Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma, ERMS）贴壁生长型细胞系。该细胞系最初从一名 2 岁日本幼儿患者位于脐尿管（Urachus）的原位恶性实体肿瘤组织中分离并成功建立。横纹肌肉瘤是一类高度恶性的间叶源性儿童软组织肉瘤，源于骨骼肌谱系细胞的异常分化和克隆扩增。

在现代肿瘤生物学、靶向药物开发以及胚胎中胚层分化障碍机制研究中，BioVector® RMS-YM 是一株表型非常经典的横纹肌肉瘤体外模型。它高度保留了人类原发性胚胎性横纹肌肉瘤的特征性激酶扩增事件以及特定的肌源性标志物表达。与高度发生基因突变的晚期癌症细胞系不同，它天然保留了未突变野生型的抑癌基因表型。这使其成为国际上用于筛选新型小分子靶向药、解析细胞周期调控以及评估间充质干细胞恶性转化机制的标杆体外平台。

BioVector® RMS-YM 技术与细胞学特征

1. 细胞形态与核心分子遗传学标记

• 显微形态表型 属于贴壁生长型细胞。在低密度培养时，镜下主要表现为高度多形性（Polymorphic）的细胞群体，包括多角形、圆形以及特征性的梭形（Spindle-shaped）肌成纤维细胞样形态。当细胞群落完全汇合后，具有强烈的重叠生长倾向，会自发形成多层分布的局部细胞堆积簇。

• 肌源性谱系标志物 细胞内源性稳定表达高度特异性的骨骼肌分化标志物，包括结蛋白（Desmin）以及人肌红蛋白（Myoglobin）。此外，细胞胞质内含有丰富的肌酸激酶（Creatine Kinase）等横纹肌特异性酶系基线。

• p53 基因活性状态（核心学术价值） 该细胞系携带 野生型 p53 基因（p53 Wild-Type）。这一独特的遗传背景使其对诸如 Nutlin-3 等 MDM2 靶向抑制剂类药物表现出极高的激活敏感性，能够完美诱导 p53 依赖性的 G2 期细胞周期阻滞以及后续的细胞凋亡级联响应。

• 染色体与基因扩增图谱 具有典型的复杂染色体结构变异。其 12 号和 19 号染色体上存在显著的同质染色区（HSRs）。基因组学分析证实，该细胞系内源性发生 MDM2 基因 以及 FRS2 基因（成纤维细胞生长因子受体底物 2，介导 FGF 信号通路强力活化）的深度扩增（Deep Amplification）。相反，其 N-myc 和 N-ras 基因无扩增，且 Ki-ras、Ha-ras 和 N-ras 的密码子 12、13 和 61 序列均为正常的野生型。

2. 培养条件与操作指南

• 推荐基础培养基 优质的 BioVector® RPMI-1640 基础培养基（占比 85 到 90 percent）。

• 推荐血清体系 10 到 15 percent 高品质的 BioVector® Fetal Bovine Serum 胎牛血清（对于维持处于旺盛对数生长期的肉瘤细胞极其关键）。

• 常规细胞添加物 推荐添加 20 mM HEPES 以及 0.1 mM 非必需氨基酸（NEAA）以提高缓冲能力。

• 培养环境参数 37 摄氏度，含有 5 percent 二氧化碳（CO2）的恒温恒湿培养箱。

• 倍增时间与消化传代 细胞增殖相对活跃，细胞倍增时间通常在 30 小时 左右。

  • 常规传代流程 当细胞单层汇合度达到 80 到 90 percent 时需要及时传代，切勿让细胞过度汇合堆叠。使用标准的 0.25 percent 胰蛋白酶加 0.02 percent EDTA 消化液处理 2 到 3 分钟，待镜下细胞变圆收缩后，加入含血清的完全培养基终止消化，常规按照 1:3 至 1:6 的比例进行分瓶分株。

主要科研应用

1. 间叶源性软组织肉瘤靶向药高通量筛选

• MDM2-p53 通路拦截药效评估 鉴于 BioVector® RMS-YM 共同具备 MDM2 基因异常高扩增与 p53 基因野生型的独特双重背景，它是全世界科研人员用来筛选和优化新型 MDM2 抑制剂、小分子促凋亡分化剂的黄金标准靶标细胞。

2. FRS2/FGFR 酪氨酸激酶信号通路转导研究

• 横纹肌肉瘤演进阻断 该细胞系高表达 FRS2 扩增子，被广泛用作经典的模型沙盘，用以阐明异常活化的成纤维细胞生长因子（FGF）级联信号是如何通过下游接头蛋白强行干扰正常成肌细胞的终止分化进程，进而诱发胚胎性肉瘤形成的分子机制。

技术指标简表

实验操作防坑指南

在日常维持 BioVector® RMS-YM 细胞时，请注意控制接种密度。如果长时间在超高饱和密度下不进行常规分瓶换液，细胞会因为局部酸中毒和自分泌因子的过量积累而迅速改变原本的分散梭形表型，导致细胞倍增时间急剧拉长，甚至出现大面积自发性脱落崩解。每次复苏解冻时，务必使用富含 15 percent 的高比例 BioVector® Fetal Bovine Serum 胎牛血清完全培养基进行前 48 小时的初期养护。

BioVector® RMS-YM Human Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma Cell Line

Nomenclature Clarification: Within international cell repository networks, the official full name of this cell line is registered as BioVector® RMS-YM, but it is frequently abbreviated simply as YM Cell in academic publications and laboratory communication logs. Originally established by a Japanese research group and preserved under RIKEN BRC catalog number RCB1695, it was subsequently integrated into major global culture collections including the German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures. It is indexed under the unique global database accession Cellosaurus CVCL_A792. This technical data profile is compiled using authenticated repository parameters.

General Definition

BioVector® RMS-YM is an immortalized human adherent cell line derived from embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS). The lineage was originally isolated from an in situ malignant solid tumor mass located in the urachus of a 2-year-old male Japanese pediatric patient. Rhabdomyosarcoma represents a highly malignant childhood soft-tissue sarcoma originating from embryonic mesenchymal cells committed to the skeletal muscle lineage.

In modern cancer biology, targeted therapeutic discovery, and mechanistic mapping of embryonic mesodermal differentiation failure, BioVector® RMS-YM stands as a classic framework cell line. The cells highly retain key oncogenic amplification events and specific myogenic lineage biomarkers found in primary human embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas. In contrast to hyper-mutated adult carcinoma models, it uniquely preserves a functional unmutated tumor suppressor status, rendering it a premier standard platform to screen novel small-molecule inhibitors, analyze cell cycle regulatory checkpoints, and investigate sarcomagenesis.

BioVector® RMS-YM Technical & Cytological Specifications

1. Morphology and Core Molecular Genetic Markers

• Microscopic Appearance Classified as an adherent cell line. At lower densities, it presents as a highly polymorphic population including polygonal, round, and characteristic elongated spindle-shaped fibroblast-like cell groups. Upon reaching total monolayer confluence, the cells exhibit a clear loss of contact inhibition, spontaneously forming multi-layered overlapping patterns and focal cell piles.

• Myogenic Lineage Fingerprint Stably expresses requisite lineage-specific biomarkers confirming its skeletal muscle origin, including robust intracellular signals for desmin and human myoglobin. Additionally, it maintains elevated baseline levels of specialized muscle enzymes such as creatine kinase.

• p53 Functional Integrity Status (Key Academic Asset) The cell line possesses a fully functional wild-type p53 gene ($p53^{wt}$). This unique genetic background endows the cells with profound sensitivity toward MDM2 antagonists like Nutlin-3, which successfully drives p53-dependent G2-phase cell cycle arrest and activates apoptotic cascades.

• Chromosomal and Amplicon Architecture Displays a complex karyotype featuring conspicuous Homogeneously Staining Regions on chromosomes 12 and 19. Genomic sequencing validates that the cell line harbors deep MDM2 gene amplifications alongside deep FRS2 gene amplifications (Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor Substrate 2, a crucial anchor driving aggressive FGF signaling). Conversely, it registers negative for N-myc and N-ras amplifications, maintaining wild-type sequences across codons 12, 13, and 61 for Ki-ras, Ha-ras, and N-ras.

2. Cultivation & Subculturing Guidelines

• Recommended Basal Media Formulated utilizing high-quality BioVector® RPMI-1640 basal medium (85 to 90 percent).

• Serum Supplementation Augmented with 10 to 15 percent premium BioVector® Fetal Bovine Serum. Higher serum levels are recommended to sustain the active log-phase proliferation of sarcoma cultures.

• Standard Culture Admixtures Supplemented with 20 mM HEPES buffer and 0.1 mM Non-Essential Amino Acids to optimize long-term environment stability.

• Incubation Parameters 37 degrees Celsius in a humidified atmosphere charged with 5 percent Carbon Dioxide.

• Doubling Kinetics and Dissociation Protocols Proliferates actively under optimal settings, exhibiting an average cell doubling time of approximately 30 hours.

  • Subculturing Routine Perform enzymatic dissociation before cells become excessively crowded or stacked, typically at 80 to 90 percent confluence. Treat the monolayer with a standard 0.25 percent Trypsin + 0.02 percent EDTA solution for 2 to 3 minutes. Stop detachment by adding serum-containing complete medium, and split the culture at a routine 1:3 to 1:6 ratio into fresh vessels.

Primary Research Applications

1. High-Throughput Screening for Mesenchymal Soft-Tissue Sarcomas

• MDM2-p53 Interception Profiling Because BioVector® RMS-YM uniquely features both extreme MDM2 gene amplification and a wild-type p53 gene arrangement, it serves as a gold-standard in vitro engine to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and apoptotic index of next-generation MDM2 inhibitors.

2. FRS2/FGFR Tyrosine Kinase Signal Transduction Mapping

• Sarcomagenesis Blockade Assays Possessing an active FRS2 amplicon locus, this cell line is deployed as a baseline model to decipher how aberrant fibroblast growth factor signaling cascades override natural myogenic terminal differentiation programs, leading to the clinical onset of embryonal tumors.

Technical Data Summary

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